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Operation Cycle
Operation Cycle was the name of the evacuation of Allied troops from Le Havre, in the Pays de Caux of Upper Normandy from 1940, towards the end of the Battle of France, during World War II. The operation was preceded by the better known rescue of and French soldiers from Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo On 20 May the Germans had captured Abbeville at the mouth of the Somme and cut off the main Allied armies in the north. South of the river, the Allies improvised defences and made local counter-attacks, to dislodge the Germans from bridgeheads on the south bank and re-capture river crossings for an advance northwards, to regain contact with the armies in northern France and Flanders.
The 1st Armoured Division had arrived in France from 15 May, without artillery and short of units that had been diverted to Calais. The division joined the large number of lines-of-communication troops south of the Somme, many of whom were hurriedly organised into the Beauman Division and other improvised units, despite a lack of training and weapons. French troops were sent into the area as Général d'armée Maxime Weygand attempted to build up a defence in depth on the south bank of the Somme and make bigger attacks to eliminate the German bridgeheads. From about half of the German bridgehead south of Abbeville was recaptured by the Franco-British force; the Franco-British were reinforced by infantry divisions and the 4e Division cuirassée (Colonel Charles De Gaulle) but lost many of their tanks and the Germans much of their infantry, some units running back over the River Somme.
When ''Fall Rot'' (Case Red), the final German offensive began on 5 June, the IX Corps of the French Tenth Army, (that had included the 51st (Highland) Division since it arrived from the Saar on 28 May), was pushed back to the Bresle river and on 9 June, German tanks entered Rouen on the Seine, cutting off IX Corps from X Corps to the east and the Seine to the south. The French and British commanders decided to make for Le Havre and the 51st (Highland) Division commander detached ''Arkforce'' with the equivalent of two brigades to guard the routes back to the port. During the night of the remainder of the Highland Division and the French divisions of IX Corps prepared to continue the retreat but found that the 7th Panzer Division (''Generalmajor'' Erwin Rommel) had advanced from Rouen through Yvetot to Cany and Veulettes-sur-Mer on the Durdent river.
With an Allied withdrawal to Le Havre cut off, the Highland Division and the French retreated to St Valery-en-Caux where from and soldiers were rescued but the remainder, including over of the 51st (Highland) Division, were taken prisoner on 12 June. At Le Havre, from 1940, troops from ''Arkforce'', other British units in the port and Allied forces were evacuated. Attempts by the Franco-British to prepare a ''national redoubt'' in Brittany came to nothing and Operation Cycle was followed by Operation Ariel from in which another were embarked from Cherbourg, St. Malo and other Atlantic and Mediterranean ports until the Armistice of 22 June 1940.
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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